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-.TH s/qmail: envelopes 5
-.SH "NAME"
-envelopes \- sender/recipient lists attached to messages
-.SH "INTRODUCTION"
-Electronic mail messages are delivered in
-.IR envelopes .
-
-An envelope lists a
-.I sender
-and one or more
-.IR recipients .
-Usually these
-envelope addresses are the same
-as the addresses listed in the message header:
-
-.EX
- (envelope) from djb to root
-.br
- From: djb
-.br
- To: root
-.EE
-
-In more complicated situations, though,
-the envelope addresses may differ from the header addresses.
-.SH "ENVELOPE EXAMPLES"
-When a message is delivered to
-several people at different locations,
-it is first photocopied
-and placed into several envelopes:
-
-.EX
- (envelope) from djb to root
-.br
- From: djb Copy #1 of message
-.br
- To: root, god@brl.mil
-.EE
-
-.EX
- (envelope) from djb to god@brl.mil
-.br
- From: djb Copy #2 of message
-.br
- To: root, god@brl.mil
-.EE
-
-When a message is delivered
-to several people at the same location,
-the sender doesn't have to photocopy it.
-He can instead stuff it into
-one envelope with several addresses;
-the recipients will make the photocopy:
-
-.EX
- (envelope) from djb to god@brl.mil, angel@brl.mil
-.br
- From: djb
-.br
- To: god@brl.mil, angel@brl.mil, joe, frde
-.EE
-
-Bounced mail is sent back to the envelope sender address.
-The bounced mail doesn't list an envelope sender,
-so bounce loops are impossible:
-
-.EX
- (envelope) from <> to djb
-.br
- From: MAILER-DAEMON
-.br
- To: djb
-.br
- Subject: unknown user frde
-.EE
-
-The recipient of a message may make another copy
-and forward it in a new envelope:
-
-.EX
- (envelope) from djb to joe
-.br
- From: djb Original message
-.br
- To: joe
-.EE
-
-.EX
- (envelope) from joe to fred
-.br
- From: djb Forwarded message
-.br
- To: joe
-.EE
-
-A mailing list works almost the same way:
-
-.EX
- (envelope) from djb to sos-list
-.br
- From: djb Original message
-.br
- To: sos-list
-.EE
-
-.EX
- (envelope) from sos-owner to god@brl.mil
-.br
- From: djb Forwarded message
-.br
- To: sos-list to recipient #1
-.EE
-
-.EX
- (envelope) from sos-owner to frde
-.br
- From: djb Forwarded message
-.br
- To: sos-list to recipient #2
-.EE
-
-Notice that the mailing list is set up
-to replace the envelope sender with something new,
-.BR sos-owner .
-So bounces will come back to
-.BR sos-owner :
-
-.EX
- (envelope) from <> to sos-owner
-.br
- From: MAILER-DAEMON
-.br
- To: sos-owner
-.br
- Subject: unknown user frde
-.EE
-
-It's a good idea to set up an extra address,
-.BR sos-owner ,
-like this:
-the original envelope sender (\fBdjb\fP)
-has no way to fix bad
-.B sos-list
-addresses,
-and of course bounces must not be sent to
-.B sos-list
-itself.
-.SH "HOW ENVELOPE ADDRESSES ARE STORED"
-Envelope sender and envelope recipient addresses
-are transmitted and recorded in several ways.
-
-When a user injects mail through
-.BR qmail-inject ,
-he can supply a
-.B Return-Path
-line or a
-.B \-f
-option for the envelope sender;
-by default the envelope sender is his login name.
-The envelope recipient addresses can be taken
-from the command line or from various header fields,
-depending on the options to
-.BR qmail-inject .
-Similar comments apply to
-.BR sendmail .
-
-When a message is transferred from one machine to another through SMTP,
-the envelope sender is given in a
-.B MAIL FROM
-command,
-the envelope recipients are given in
-.B RCPT TO
-commands,
-and the message is supplied separately by a
-.B DATA
-command.
-
-When a message is delivered by
-.B qmail
-to a single local recipient,
-.B qmail-local
-records the recipient in
-.B Delivered-To
-and the envelope sender in
-.BR Return-Path .
-It uses
-.B Delivered-To
-to detect mail forwarding loops.
-
-.B sendmail
-normally records the envelope sender in
-.BR Return-Path .
-It does not record envelope recipient addresses,
-on the theory that they are redundant:
-you received the mail,
-so you must have been one of the envelope recipients.
-
-Note that,
-if the header doesn't have any recipient addresses,
-.B sendmail
-will move envelope recipient addresses back into the header.
-This situation occurs if all addresses were originally listed as
-.BR Bcc ,
-since
-.B Bcc
-is automatically removed.
-When
-.B sendmail
-sees this, it creates a new
-.B Apparently-To
-header field with the envelope recipient addresses.
-This has the strange effect that each blind-carbon-copy recipient will see
-a list of all recipients on the same machine.
-
-When a message is stored in
-.B mbox
-format,
-the envelope sender is recorded at the top of the message
-as a UUCP-style
-.B From
-(no colon) line.
-Note that this line is less reliable than the
-.B Return-Path
-line added by
-.B qmail-local
-or
-.B sendmail\fP.
-.SH "SEE ALSO"
-qmail-header(5),
-qmail-local(8),
-qmail-inject(8)