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-.TH s/qmail: newaliases 1
-.SH NAME
-newaliases \- create a forwarding database from /etc/aliases
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B newaliases
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.B newaliases
-reads a table of
-sendmail-style
-forwarding instructions from
-.B /etc/aliases
-and converts them into a forwarding database in
-.BR /etc/aliases.cdb .
-The forwarding database can be used by
-.BR fastforward .
-
-For safety,
-.B newaliases
-writes the forwarding database to
-.B /etc/aliases.tmp
-and then moves
-.B /etc/aliases.tmp
-to
-.BR /etc/aliases.cdb .
-If there is a problem creating
-.BR /etc/aliases.tmp ,
-.B newaliases
-complains and leaves
-.B /etc/aliases.cdb
-alone.
-Deliveries can continue using
-.B /etc/aliases.cdb
-in the meantime.
-
-.B newaliases
-always creates
-.B /etc/aliases.cdb
-world-readable.
-
-.B newaliases
-makes no attempt to protect against
-simultaneous updates of
-.BR /etc/aliases.cdb .
-.SH "INSTRUCTION FORMAT"
-.B newaliases
-imitates
-sendmail's
-handling of
-.BR /etc/aliases .
-For example,
-
-.EX
- root: alice, bill
-.EE
-
-says that mail for
-.B root
-should be forwarded to
-.B alice
-and
-.BR bill .
-
-.B COMPATIBILITY WARNING:
-.B newaliases
-does not support file deliveries.
-You can use the file delivery mechanism described in
-.B dot-qmail(5)
-instead.
-.SH "SIMPLE ALIASES"
-The simplest type of forwarding instruction
-is a line of the form
-
-.EX
- alias: recip
-.EE
-
-Any message sent to
-.I alias
-will be forwarded to the recipient address
-.IR recip .
-Addresses are compared to
-.I alias
-without regard to case.
-
-Forwarding instructions are cumulative.
-If
-.I recip
-is itself an alias,
-messages to
-.I alias
-will be forwarded the same way as
-messages to
-.IR recip .
-For example, with the following instructions,
-messages to
-.B postmaster@heaven.af.mil
-or
-.B root@heaven.af.mil
-will be delivered to Bob:
-
-.EX
- postmaster@heaven.af.mil: bob@heaven.af.mil
-.EE
-.br
-.EX
- root@heaven.af.mil: postmaster@heaven.af.mil
-.EE
-
-.B COMPATIBILITY WARNING:
-With
-sendmail,
-entries in
-.B /etc/aliases
-can override usernames.
-With
-.BR s/qmail ,
-if you install
-.B fastforward
-in
-.BR ~alias/.qmail-default ,
-it will not see addresses that are controlled by other users.
-See
-.BR qmail-getpw (8).
-To change this, see
-.BR qmail-users (5).
-
-.B COMPATIBILITY WARNING:
-Various versions of
-sendmail
-do various strange things with circular alias definitions.
-See
-.BR setforward (1)
-for details on
-.BR fastforward 's
-behavior.
-
-.B COMPATIBILITY WARNING:
-If there are several forwarding instructions for a single
-.IR alias ,
-sendmail
-will complain;
-.B fastforward
-will silently use the first instruction.
-.SH "WILDCARDS"
-.I alias
-can have the form
-.I user@host.dom
-for one user at one host,
-.I @host.dom
-for all users at one host, or
-.I user
-for one user at all hosts.
-
-.B COMPATIBILITY WARNING:
-sendmail
-supports only
-.IR user ;
-it does not support per-host aliases.
-It accepts
-.I user@host.dom
-if
-.I host.dom
-is a local host,
-but it then treats it the same way as
-.IR user ,
-applying to all local hosts and virtual domains.
-.SH "ADDRESS FORMATS"
-Addresses in
-.B /etc/aliases
-are parsed the same way as addresses in RFC 822 message headers.
-Parenthesized comments and bracketed addresses are permitted:
-
-.EX
- root: bob (Bob, the postmaster)
- joe: Joe Shmoe <shmoe@heaven.af.mil>
-.EE
-
-Addresses with special characters must be quoted:
-
-.EX
- fred: "spaced out mailbox"@heaven.af.mil
-.EE
-
-Address groups are not permitted,
-since colons have a different use in
-.BR /etc/aliases .
-
-Any recipient address without a fully qualified domain name is
-fed through the
-.BR defaulthost ,
-.BR defaultdomain ,
-and
-.B plusdomain
-mechanisms described in
-.BR qmail-header (5).
-
-.B COMPATIBILITY WARNING:
-sendmail's
-handling of quotes and backslashes violates RFC 821 and RFC 822,
-and is not supported by
-.BR newaliases .
-The
-.B qmail-local
-delivery mechanism
-lets each user manage several addresses,
-so there is no need for a special syntax to get around forwarding.
-.SH "MULTIPLE RECIPIENTS"
-An instruction may list more than one recipient address:
-
-.EX
- alias: recip1, recip2, recip3
-.EE
-
-Any message sent to
-.I alias
-will be forwarded to all of the addresses.
-
-A forwarding instruction may be split across several lines.
-Each line past the first must either (1) begin with space or tab
-or (2) be empty:
-
-.EX
- hostmaster:
-.EE
-.br
-.EX
- fred,
-.EE
-.br
-.EX
- joe
-.EE
-
-.B COMPATIBILITY WARNING:
-sendmail
-requires the colon to be on the first line
-of a multi-line forwarding instruction.
-.B newaliases
-doesn't care whether the colon is present at all.
-
-.B COMPATIBILITY WARNING:
-sendmail
-does not permit blank lines in the middle of continuations.
-This has the undesirable effect that a blank line behaves differently
-from a line containing a single space.
-.SH "COMMENTS"
-Any line in
-.B /etc/aliases
-that begins with # is ignored:
-
-.EX
- # this is a comment
-.EE
-
-A comment may be split across several lines.
-Each line past the first must either (1) begin with space or tab
-or (2) be empty.
-
-.B COMPATIBILITY WARNING:
-sendmail
-does not permit continuations of comment lines.
-.SH "PROGRAMS"
-If a recipient address does not contain a domain name,
-and begins with a vertical bar,
-.B newaliases
-takes the rest of the address as a program to run:
-
-.EX
- weather: "|weather-server"
-.EE
-
-.B fastforward
-will run
-.B weather-server
-when a message arrives for
-.BR weather .
-
-.B COMPATIBILITY WARNING:
-Internet addresses can legitimately start with
-a slash or vertical bar.
-.B newaliases
-treats anything with an unquoted @ as an address.
-sendmail appears to have various problems
-coping with these addresses,
-and with commands that contain @ signs.
-
-.B COMPATIBILITY WARNING:
-.B newaliases
-does not allow a vertical bar before double quotes.
-.SH "INCLUDE FILES"
-A recipient address of the form
-.B :include:\fIfile
-means ``every address listed in
-.IR file .''
-(Actually
-.B fastforward
-reads
-.IR file\fB.bin ;
-see
-.BR newinclude (1)
-for further details.)
-
-Note that
-.I file
-is read by
-.BR fastforward ,
-not
-.BR newaliases ,
-so the system administrator does not have to run
-.B newaliases
-every time
-.I file
-changes.
-.I file
-must be world-readable
-and accessible to
-.BR fastforward .
-
-.B COMPATIBILITY WARNING:
-If an
-.B :include:
-file is unreadable or nonexistent,
-sendmail
-skips it;
-.B fastforward
-defers delivery of the message.
-
-.B COMPATIBILITY WARNING:
-sendmail
-does not permit spaces inside the literal text
-.BR :include: .
-.B newaliases
-does.
-
-.B COMPATIBILITY WARNING:
-Versions of
-sendmail
-before V8 did not strip quotes from
-.B :include:
-filenames.
-.SH "ALIAS OWNERS"
-If there is an alias for
-.BR owner-\fIlist ,
-any message forwarded through
-.I list
-will have its envelope sender set to
-.BR owner-\fIlist ,
-so that bounces go back to
-.BR owner-\fIlist .
-
-.B COMPATIBILITY WARNING:
-When an alias includes the same recipient both inside and outside
-a mailing list,
-.B fastforward
-sends the message twice,
-once with each envelope sender.
-sendmail
-sends the message only once;
-its choice of envelope sender for that recipient
-depends on the phase of the moon.
-.SH "SEE ALSO"
-fastforward(1),
-setforward(1),
-newinclude(1),
-printforward(1),
-dot-qmail(5)